Binary acids are acids formed from binary compounds. The formula HCl does not indicate whether it refers to the compound, hydrogen chloride, or the acid, hydrochloric acid. If the pure substance is being discussed, then the name, hydrogen chloride, is used. If HCl is in solution, then the name, hydrochloric acid, is more appropriate. In the formula of an acid, ‘(aq)’ can be used to show that the pure substance is in solution, creating an acid. For example, the formula of hydrochloric acid is written, HCl(aq).
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Compound
|
Name (pure substance)
|
Acid (in solution)
|
|
HCl
|
hydrogen chloride
|
hydrochloric acid
|
|
HF
|
hydrogen fluoride
|
hydrofluoric acid
|
|
HBr
|
hydrogen bromide
|
hydrobromic acid
|
|
HI
|
hydrogen iodide
|
hydroiodic acid
|
|
H2S
|
hydrogen sulfide
|
hydrosulfuric acid
|
Oxyacids
Oxyacids are acids containing oxygen, in
addition to hydrogen and another element.
The name is usually derived from the name of this latter element.
(I) The ‘-ic’ Oxyacids
When these acids react with other
substances (metals, bases or carbonates) salts are formed. The name of the salt is related to the name
of the acid. Nitric acid, for instance,
produces salts called nitrates. The
acids listed below are sometimes called the ‘-ic’ acids and they are always
related to the ‘-ate’ complex anions.
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Complex Anion
|
Acid
|
||
|
Name
|
Formula
|
Name
|
Formula
|
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nitrate
|
NO3-
|
nitric acid
|
HNO3(aq)
|
|
chlorate
|
ClO3-
|
chloric acid
|
HClO3(aq)
|
|
sulfate
|
SO42-
|
sulfuric acid
|
H2SO4(aq)
|
|
carbonate
|
CO32-
|
carbonic acid
|
H2CO3(aq)
|
|
phosphate
|
PO43-
|
phosphoric acid
|
H3PO4(aq)
|
|
acetate
|
CH3COO-
|
acetic acid
|
CH3COOH(aq)
|
|
perchlorate
|
ClO4-
|
perchloric acid
|
HClO4(aq)
|
(II) The ‘-ous’ Oxyacids
The acids
listed below are sometimes called the ‘-ous’ acids. The ions derived from the ‘-ous’ acids are
known as the ‘-ite’ ions.
|
Complex Anion
|
Acid
|
||
|
Name
|
Formula
|
Name
|
Formula
|
|
nitrite
|
NO2-
|
nitrous acid
|
HNO2(aq)
|
|
chlorite
|
ClO2-
|
chlorous
acid
|
HClO2(aq)
|
|
hypochlorite
|
ClO-
|
hypochlorous
acid
|
HClO(aq)
|
|
sulfite
|
SO32-
|
sulfurous
acid
|
H2SO3(aq)
|
Summary of ‘-ic’ and ‘-ous’ Oxyacids and Complex Anions
|
Complex Anion
|
Acid
|
||
|
Name
|
Formula
|
Name
|
Formula
|
|
perchlorate
|
ClO4-
|
perchloric
acid
|
HClO4(aq)
|
|
chlorate
|
ClO3-
|
chloric acid
|
HClO3(aq)
|
|
chlorite
|
ClO2-
|
chlorous
acid
|
HClO2(aq)
|
|
hypochlorite
|
ClO-
|
hypochlorous
acid
|
HClO(aq)
|
Homework
Give the correct formula for the following.
1.
hypochlorous acid
2.
nitric acid
3.
hydrochloric acid
4.
nitrous acid
5.
chlorous acid
6.
hydrobromic acid
7.
sulfuric acid
8.
chlorous acid
9.
hydroiodic acid
10. acetic acid
11. hydrofluoric acid
12. hydrosulfuric acid
13. phosphoric acid
14. chloric acid
15. sulfurous acid
16. perchloric acid
17. carbonic acid
18. iodous acid
Give the correct name for the following.
1.
HClO4(aq)
2.
HCl(aq)
3.
H2SO4(aq)
4.
HClO2(aq)
5.
HF(aq)
6.
HClO3(aq)
7.
HI(aq)
8.
H2S(aq)
9.
H3PO4(aq)
10.
HClO(aq)
11.
H2CO3(aq)
12.
HNO2(aq)
13.
H2SO3(aq)
14.
HClO4(aq)
15.
HBr(aq)
16.
HNO3(aq)
17.
CH3COOH(aq)
18.
HIO3(aq)
Answer Keys:
