SNC 2P - Biology - Biology Unit Review

Fellow Scientists,

Congratulations!  You have made to the end of our first unit.  It is time to review and prepare for the test.

Biology Unit Review:

 

 

Biology Unit Review - Answer Key:

Ignore the frog question.

For the last two pages of the review, you can find the answers on p. 14-15.

 

SNC 2P - Biology - Staying Healthy

How can you maintain your physical health?

• Exercise regularly. Teens should be physically active at least 60 minutes of every day.
• Eat a healthy diet. Healthy eating is an important part of your growth and development. Eat plenty of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, a variety of protein foods, and low-fat dairy products.
• Maintain a healthy weight. Children and teenagers with obesity are more likely to have obesity as an adult. They are also at higher risk for other chronic illnesses, depression, and bullying.
• Get enough sleep. Most teens need between 9 and 9 ½ hours of sleep every night. Many average only 7 hours. Sleep has a strong effect on your ability to concentrate and do well at school.
• Keep up with vaccinations. Get a flu shot every year. If you haven’t gotten the HPV vaccine, ask your parents and doctor about it. It can prevent you from getting HPV and some kinds of cancer, including cervical cancer.
• Brush and floss your teeth. Make it a habit now, and prevent tooth and gum problems in adulthood.
• Wear sunscreen. Getting just one bad sunburn as a child or teenager increases your risk of getting skin cancer as an adult.
• Don’t listen to loud music. This can damage your hearing for the rest of your life.
• Put down your cell phone regularly.  Cell phones have been linked to brain cancer, carpal tunnel syndrome and eye strain.  
  

Question of the Day #5:  Why do people engage in activities that they know are risky?  How might you convince someone to stop engaging in risky activities?

I have created this lesson using this resource.

SNC 2P - Biology - Medical Imaging Technology

Medical Imaging Technology

If you have ever been ill or had to have a medical diagnosis made, you may have had one or more forms of medical imaging technology used to diagnose you.

There are several types of medical imaging technology, each used for specific purposes.

Question of the Day #4:  Have you ever been diagnosed with the use of one of these medical imaging technology methods?  If yes, which type?

 

SNC 2P - Biology - Systems Working Together

Most tasks in the body require the use of two or more organ systems.  Take cellular respiration, for instance.

Starting on the left side of the arrow:

• glucose - the digestive system breaks down food into nutrients, like glucose.
• oxygen - the respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs when you breathe in.
• the circulatory system transports nutrients (from the digestive system) and oxygen (from the respiratory system) to the cells so that they have what they need for cellular respiration.

Now, moving to the right side of the arrow:

• carbon dioxide - the circulatory system transports carbon dioxide waste from the cells to the lungs ( which are part of the respiratory system), where it is removed from your body when you breathe out.
• water
• usable energy

 

Check out this awesomely retro video (the 80s were a great time to be alive). 

SNC 2P - Biology - Respiratory System

On average, we breathe in and out 15 times per minute and we move 10 000 L of air in and out of the lungs each day.  Wow!!

The respiratory system provides oxygen to the cells in the body that require it.  It also removes carbon dioxide produced as the body uses energy to grow, repair and move.

Let's take a trip through the respiratory system:

Oxygen enters through the mouth and the nasal cavity (nose), passes the pharnyx (throat) and larnyx (voice box), then travels down the trachea (windpipe).  

The trachea continues into the bronchus or bronchial tube, which splits into two bronchi.  

In the two lungs, the bronchi split into bronchioles, which branch off into smaller and smaller regions, ending in tiny air sacs called alveoli.  

The alveoli diffuse oxygen into the  capillaries (tiny blood vessels) that surround them.  

The blood travels around the body, dropping off oxygen to the cells, while picking up carbon dioxide waste, which travels back to the lungs for exhalation   from the body.  This process of providing oxygen and removing carbon dioxide is called gas exchange.  Humans carry out gas exchange using their lungs, while fish use their gills and frogs even use their skin to an extent for breathing.

The respiratory system obviously relies on breathing and this is accomplished through the use of the diaphragm, a thin muscle that sits under the lungs. 
The diaphragm contracts and flattens when you inhale, creating a vacuum effect that pulls air into the lungs. When you exhale, the diaphragm relaxes and the air is pushed out of lungs.

Now, let's make like our lungs, and expand (our minds).

 

SNC 2P - Biology - Circulatory System

The human circulatory system consists of three main components:  the blood, the heart, and the blood vessels.  The circulatory system's job is to transport substances around the body.  The cells in the body require a constant input of oxygen and nutrients and a continuous removal of carbon dioxide and other wastes.

Note:  This diagram is not to scale.  The oxygenated blood is shown in red; deoxygenated blood is shown in blue.               Oxygen gas is taken into the lungs when we inhale.  The oxygen diffuses through the lung tissue into the blood stream, where is passes through the heart to then be dropped off to cells around the body.  As the oxygen is being delivered to the cells, the cells release carbon dioxide gas and other wastes.  The blood flows back, through the heart, to the lungs.  The carbon dioxide diffuses into the lungs and is released when we exhale.

 

The circulatory system has three main components:

Blood

There are four components of blood:

1. Red Blood Cells - transport oxygen throughout the body, using hemoglobin.
2. White Blood Cells - the infection fighters.
3. Platelets - aid in blood clotting
4. Plasma - liquid that carries the blood cells along.

Heart

There are three main components of the heart:

1. Cardiac Muscle Tissue - makes the heart contract and moves blood around the body.
2. Nerve Tissue - transmits signals to and from the central nervous system.
   
3. Connective Tissue - contributes to structure and function. 
   

Cardiac muscle tissue under the microscope.

 

Blood Vessels 

There are three types of blood vessels:

1. Arteries - carry blood away from the heart.
2. Veins - carry blood toward the heart.
3. Capillaries - tiny blood vessels that allow substances to diffuse between blood and body fluids/tissues.
   

Artistic rendering of blood vessels.

 

Time to make like the circulatory system and start pumping out some work.